Conduction is described as which of the following?

• A. Heat transferred by movement of a fluid
• B. Heat transferred by radiation
• C. Heat conducted directly through a material between regions of different temperature
• D. Heat generated by chemical reactions

Answer: (C)

Conduction is heat transfer through a material by direct interaction of its particles, from a region that is hotter to a region that is cooler. This means heat is conducted directly through a material between regions of different temperature. In solids, energy moves as particles collide and as electrons transfer energy along the substance. For example, a hot metal rod warms the other end as energy travels through the rod.

This differs from convection, which involves heat transfer by the movement of a fluid, and from radiation, which transfers heat via electromagnetic waves without needing a material to carry it. It also isn’t about heat being produced by chemical reactions—it's about heat moving through a substance.