Distinguish ore from gangue.

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The key idea is value, not a fixed material type. Ore is the portion of rock that contains enough of a valuable mineral to make mining and processing profitable. The surrounding material that doesn’t have enough valuable mineral to justify extraction is called gangue. For example, copper ore may be chalcopyrite embedded in quartz; the chalcopyrite is the valuable mineral, while the quartz acts as gangue. Saying ore is always metal and gangue is always glass is inaccurate because ores can contain non-metal minerals too, and gangue isn’t limited to glass-like material—it’s simply the non-valuable rock around the ore. The other statements either flip the relationship (waste rock vs ore) or claim they’re the same, which isn’t correct.