What are common NRCan energy efficiency policy instruments?

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NRCan uses a mix of standards, labeling, incentives, and codes to improve efficiency across sectors. Standards set minimum efficiency performance for appliances, equipment, and buildings. Labeling provides clear energy-use information so buyers can compare and choose efficient options. Incentives such as rebates or financing help overcome upfront costs and speed adoption of efficient technologies. Codes embed energy efficiency requirements into construction and procurement, ensuring performance is achieved in practice. Together, these tools cover products, buildings, and markets, driving energy savings across residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation sectors. The other choices miss the broad, practice-based approach: taxes on energy consumption alone don’t directly drive efficiency improvements; subsidies for fossil fuel exploration run opposite efficiency goals; and deregulation of energy markets doesn’t inherently promote efficiency policy outcomes.