What is grid modernization?

• A. Upgrading the electrical grid with advanced sensors, communications, and controls to improve reliability and integrate renewables
• B. Building new highways to connect power plants
• C. Replacing all meters with analog devices
• D. Creating separate microgrids only for urban areas

Answer: (C)

Grid modernization means upgrading the electric grid with digital technology—smart sensors, two‑way communications, and automated controls—so the system operates more reliably, restores outages faster, and can accommodate more renewable energy and storage. This involves real-time monitoring, advanced analytics, and better protection and control to manage variable power supply from wind and solar.

That makes the choice describing advanced sensors, communications, and controls to improve reliability and integrate renewables the best fit. The other options miss the point: building highways has nothing to do with electricity delivery; replacing meters with analog devices would move backward from modern, digital metering; and creating separate microgrids only for urban areas isn’t the definition of grid modernization, though microgrids can be part of a more modern grid when implemented thoughtfully.